A solar thermal driven ORC-VFR system employed in subtropical Mediterranean climatic building

This paper investigates the configuration of solar thermal collector driven organic Rankine cycle (ORC) utilized to power air-conditioning system of the two-story office building in Paralimni, Cyprus, through a Variable-Refrigerant-Flow (VRF) system. The reason to choose this Mediterranean climate of Paralimni, Cyprus, is due to its higher dependency on fossil fuels compared to many other countries in the EU and with a high potential of harnessing solar irradiations and demand for air-conditioning (AC) loads. Based on the climatic data of the study area, this system can make an effective performance. Modeling the building and estimating the AC system power consumption is carried out in the Design-Builder. Designing the organic Rankine Cycle is done with EES. A solar hot water system is designed with TRNSYS to supply the required mass flow rate of water at the desired temperature of 95°C. In this climate, an annual surface irradiation rate of 1793 kWh/m2 whilst the AC requirement of 7909 kWh for a two-story building. The employed ORC with an internal heat exchanger is designed with a constant output rate of 3.920 kW, which delivers a total of 8154 kWh yearly. The required heat input of the ORC is supplied by a solar hot water system, employing evacuated tube collectors. The solar system consumes a 454 kWh auxiliary heating rate per year to deliver the desired mass flow rate and outlet temperature for the ORC. As a result, the designed solar-driven ORC delivers 7700 kWh energy each year, meaning 7700 kWh energy saving per year, equal to 97% of VRF annual energy demand. This amount of yearly energy saving yields 2010 USD yearly capital saving as the reward of investment in this system, and defining a 20-year project, the implementation of this solar-driven power generation system at the end of the project’s lifetime would save 25,049 USD.