Adolescent awareness and use of electronic cigarettes: A review of emerging trends and findings

Adult electronic cigarette use is increasing globally and early studies have suggested that similar trends may be observed among the adolescent population, albeit at lower levels. The current literature review presents data collected since 2014 from 21 cross-sectional studies and one cohort study that were all published in English. In particular, it focuses on awareness, ever-use, past 30 day use and regular use of e-cigarettes. The article suggests that adolescents are nearing complete awareness of e-cigarettes. Furthermore, in relation to ever-use and past 30 day use, higher prevalence rates continue to be reported across time, especially in the US. Nonetheless, reported regular use of e-cigarettes remains much lower than past 30 day use, although conclusions are limited due to inconsistencies with measurement and consequent lack of cross-cultural applicability. The majority of studies do not report whether adolescents use non-nicotine electronic cigarettes. There is a current absence of longitudinal studies that explore any association between electronic cigarettes and tobacco use, and little qualitative data that may illuminate how and why adolescents use electronic cigarettes. Through addressing these methodological limitations, future research will be able to inform healthcare and policy more effectively.