Abstract
Introduction: Cross-cultural training programs are widely used to enhance
cultural competence and cultural intelligence (CQ) across various professional
fields. This narrative systematic literature review examines training strategies
from various fields to identify the most effective approaches for application in
sports. It addresses two key research questions: (1) What training components
have been used in the delivery of these training programs? (2) What is their
effectiveness in improving cultural intelligence and cultural competence?
Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify qualitative and
quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2023. A total of 27 articles
met the inclusion criteria. These articles describe the type of training program
delivered, the activities performed, and their outcomes on participants’ cultural
competence and/or cultural intelligence. Programs were categorized on delivery
methods (didactic, experiential, or mixed) and information was extracted on
training content, participants, duration, and timing.
Results: Most programs used mixed delivery methods that combined lectures,
educational tasks and experiential activities. They showed positive, though not
always statistically significant, impact on participants’ cultural competence and/
or cultural intelligence.
Discussion: In sports, tailored programs that address culture- and sport-relevant
knowledge, skills and communication may help coaches navigate cultural
differences.
cultural competence and cultural intelligence (CQ) across various professional
fields. This narrative systematic literature review examines training strategies
from various fields to identify the most effective approaches for application in
sports. It addresses two key research questions: (1) What training components
have been used in the delivery of these training programs? (2) What is their
effectiveness in improving cultural intelligence and cultural competence?
Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify qualitative and
quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2023. A total of 27 articles
met the inclusion criteria. These articles describe the type of training program
delivered, the activities performed, and their outcomes on participants’ cultural
competence and/or cultural intelligence. Programs were categorized on delivery
methods (didactic, experiential, or mixed) and information was extracted on
training content, participants, duration, and timing.
Results: Most programs used mixed delivery methods that combined lectures,
educational tasks and experiential activities. They showed positive, though not
always statistically significant, impact on participants’ cultural competence and/
or cultural intelligence.
Discussion: In sports, tailored programs that address culture- and sport-relevant
knowledge, skills and communication may help coaches navigate cultural
differences.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1511788 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Volume | 16 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 7 Apr 2025 |
Data Availability Statement
- All data is available as supplementary material
- Supplementary material
Rights Retention Statement
- The authors declare that financial support was received for the reserach and/or publication of this article. This work was funded by the LSBU Ref No J4124069. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising.