Highly Conductive Zinc Oxide Based Transparent Conductive Oxide Films Prepared using RF Plasma Sputtering Under Reducing Atmosphere

The spectral properties and colour functions of a radio frequency (RF)-based sputtering plasma source was monitored during consecutive sputter deposition of zinc doped indium oxide (IZO) thin films under argon and argon/hydrogen mix. The effect of target exposure to the hydrogen gas on charge density/mobility and spectral transmittance of the deposited films was investigated. We demonstrate that consecutive exposure to the hydrogen gas during the deposition process progressively affects the properties of thin films with a certain degree of continuous improvement in electrical conductivity while demonstrating that reverting to only argon from argon/ hydrogen mix follows a complex pathway, which has not been reported previously in such detail to our knowledge. We then demonstrate that this effect can be used to prepare highly conductive zinc oxide thin films without indium presence and as such eliminating the need for the expensive indium addition. We shall demonstrate that complexity observed in emission spectra can be simply identified by monitoring the colour of the plasma through its colour functions, making this technique a simple real-time monitoring method for the deposition process.