Multi-fidelity modelling of masonry arch bridges under traffic loading

Masonry arch bridges are part of the historical heritage from the Industrial Age in the UK and Europe. To preserve this infrastructure, robust assessment methodologies are required to adequately account for the effects of evolving loading and material degradation. This work presents 3D multi-fidelity modelling strategies for masonry viaducts which can be used for accurate assessment. The masonry components of the bridge structure are modelled using high-fidelity mesoscale models or efficient macroscale models. Filling materials are represented using elasto-plastic models considering their cohesive and frictional nature. The interaction between the different parts is taken into account by adopting nonlinear interface elements allowing for sliding and separation. The results of numerical investigations on a realistic viaduct under traffic loading, which were conducted by performing nonlinear simulations under transient loading, showcase the potential of accurate 3D modelling comparing the results from mesoscale and macroscale models.